Centenarian Biomarker Profiles

Introduction

Centenarian biomarker profiles refer to the unique biological characteristics of individuals who have reached the age of 100 or older. The study of these profiles aims to uncover the factors contributing to exceptional longevity, providing insights into the ageing process and potential interventions to promote healthy ageing.

Biomarker Profiles and Longevity

Research has shown that centenarians often exhibit distinct biomarker profiles compared to their shorter-lived peers. A 35-year follow-up study of the Swedish AMORIS cohort found that higher levels of total cholesterol and iron, and lower levels of glucose, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total iron-binding capacity were associated with reaching 100 years of age.

Epigenetic Clocks and Ageing

Epigenetic clocks are biomarkers that measure biological age through DNA methylation patterns. These clocks have emerged as valuable tools for studying ageing, as they can predict mortality and identify age-related risks. The Horvath Epigenetic Clock, for example, is a computational model that estimates an individual's biological age by analysing DNA methylation patterns and other biomarkers.

Supercentenarian Studies

Research on supercentenarians (individuals aged 110 or older) has led to the creation of specific epigenetic clocks tailored to validate age claims in this exceptional group. These clocks are based on blood and saliva samples from individuals over 40, including supercentenarians. By applying neural network models, researchers have achieved accurate age estimation, revealing correlations between age effects in younger and older individuals.

Challenges and Future Directions

The field of centenarian biomarker profiling faces challenges, including the need for higher-quality data and the complexity of ageing processes. However, ongoing research continues to explore the potential of epigenetic clocks and other biomarkers in understanding the ageing process and developing interventions to promote healthy ageing.

Conclusion

Centenarian biomarker profiles provide a unique window into the biological mechanisms underlying exceptional longevity. By studying these profiles, researchers aim to develop practical tools for age validation, gain insights into the ageing process, and ultimately contribute to the development of strategies for healthy ageing. As research in this field continues to advance, it holds great promise for improving our understanding of the complex interplay between genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors in shaping human longevity.