Neurogenesis Regulation

Neurogenesis regulation is a complex process influenced by various factors, including post-translational epigenetic modifications, lifestyle interventions, and the gut-brain axis. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to ameliorate aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Epigenetic Modifications and Neurogenesis

Post-translational epigenetic modifications play a significant role in neurogenesis regulation. For instance, age-dependent reduction in H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is prevented by cyclic induction of Yamanaka factors, which are used for cell reprogramming. Yamanaka factors also elevate the levels of migrating cells containing neurogenic markers such as doublecortin and calretinin, and the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B. These changes can result in an increase in the survival of newborn neurons during their maturation and higher synaptic plasticity in mature neurons.

Lifestyle Interventions and Neurogenesis

Lifestyle interventions are directly linked to neurogenesis regulation, particularly in the context of brain health. Key pillars of lifestyle medicine, such as stress management, restorative sleep, physical activity, whole-food, plant-based nutrition, and social connection, are fundamental to maintaining and improving cognitive function throughout life. For example, regular exercise is well-documented to improve mood, reduce stress, and enhance cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and executive function.

Gut-Brain Axis and Neurogenesis

The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network between the gut and the brain, plays a crucial role in neurogenesis regulation, particularly in the context of aging and neurocognitive disorders. The gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms, undergoes significant changes with age, a phenomenon known as biome-aging. This process is characterized by a decrease in beneficial microbes, an increase in pathobionts, and heightened inflammatory responses. Microbiome-based interventions, such as dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, have shown promise in promoting healthy aging and mitigating age-related cognitive decline.

Conclusion

Neurogenesis regulation is a multifaceted process influenced by epigenetic modifications, lifestyle interventions, and the gut-brain axis. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is essential for developing effective strategies to promote healthy aging and mitigate neurodegenerative diseases. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying neurogenesis regulation and to develop targeted interventions for clinical applications.